Conductor pad for flexible circuits and flexible circuit incorporating the same

ABSTRACT

A conductor pad and a flexible circuit including a conductor pad are provided. The conductor pad includes a first contact region, a second contact region, and a body portion configured to establish a conductive path between the first contact region and the second contact region. The body portion includes a perimeter edge having at least a first convex segment and a second convex with a first non-convex segment disposed between the first convex segment and the second convex segment. A method of constructing a flexible circuit to facilitate roll-to-roll manufacturing of the flexible circuit is also provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of, and claims the prioritybenefit of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/459,740, entitled“CONDUCTOR PAD FOR FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS AND FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS INCORPORATINGTHE SAME” and filed Mar. 15, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. ______, which is acontinuation of, and claims the priority benefit of, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/292,892, entitled “CONDUCTOR PAD FOR FLEXIBLECIRCUITS AND FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS INCORPORATING THE SAME” and filed May 31,2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,635,759, which claims priority of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/866,683, entitled “CONDUCTOR PADSFOR THERMAL DISSIPATION” and filed Aug. 16, 2013, and of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/971,914, entitled “CONDUCTOR PADFOR FLEXIBLE CIRCUITS AND FLEXIBLE CIRCUIT INCORPORATING THE SAME” andfiled Mar. 28, 2014, the entire contents of all of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to electrical circuits, and moreparticularly, to a conductor pad for a flexible electrical circuit andflexible circuits incorporating the same.

BACKGROUND

Electrical circuits are typically formed using discrete electronicpackages, such as light emitting diodes (hereinafter LED or LEDs) orother solid state light sources, mounted on a circuit substrate made ofa relatively stiff material such as fiber reinforced epoxy (e.g., FR4)or polyimide. The circuit substrate is generally processed to bearconductive traces, conductor pads, and/or other components of a printedcircuit on a surface thereof. The electronic packages may be mounted tothe conductor pads to thereby couple the electronic packages to theconductive traces and establish the electrical circuit.

SUMMARY

Although such circuits are useful, the use of relatively stiff circuitsubstrates may impose design limitations. Technology has therefore beendeveloped to produce flexible circuits that are manufactured fromflexible substrate materials such as plastic and polyester materials.Flexible circuits allow freedom in design and may be constructed usingroll-to-roll manufacturing techniques. In roll-to-roll manufacturingtechniques, the flexible circuits may be established by couplingelectronic packages to conductive traces on a continuous web of flexiblesubstrate material. Roll-to-roll manufacturing can facilitate efficientmass production of high performance flexible or roll-up electronicdevices, such as LED lighting arrays, solar panels, displays,radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices, etc.

Embodiments are configured to facilitate rolling of a flexible substrateon which one or more conductor pads are provided. Roll-to-rollmanufacturing may be used to form the conductor pads on the flexiblesubstrate and/or to couple electronic packages to associated ones of theconductor pads to establish a flexible circuit. Although embodiments aredescribed herein in connection with flexible lighting circuits, aconductor pad according to embodiments described herein may be used toconstruct flexible circuits for use in any type of device including, forexample, solar panels, displays such as e-paper, computer or televisiondisplays, radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices, etc. Aconductor pad according to embodiments described herein includes aconductive material having a perimeter edge with at least first andsecond convex segments and at least one non-convex segment disposedbetween the first and second convex segments. This configurationfacilitates rolling of the conductor pad and a flexible substrate onwhich the conductor pad is formed, and also facilitates spreading ofheat from electronic devices coupled to the conductor pad.

In an embodiment, there is provided a conductor pad. The conductor padincludes: a first contact region; a second contact region; and a bodyportion configured to establish a conductive path between the firstcontact region and the second contact region, the body portioncomprising conductive material having a perimeter edge, the perimeteredge including: a first convex segment; a second convex segment; and afirst non-convex segment disposed between the first convex segment andthe second convex segment.

In a related embodiment, the first non-convex segment may be a concavesegment. In another related embodiment, the first contact region and thesecond contact region may be intersected by a horizontal axis of theconductor pad. In still another related embodiment, the first contactregion and the second contact region may be vertically spaced from eachother relative to a horizontal axis of the conductor pad. In yet anotherrelated embodiment, the first convex segment may have a first convexsegment outermost edge at a distance H₁ from the horizontal axis, andthe second convex segment may define an outermost edge of the perimeteredge at a distance H₂ from the horizontal axis, wherein the distance H₂may be greater than the distance H₁.

In still yet another related embodiment, the first contact region andthe first convex segment may be at a proximal end of the conductor padand the first convex segment may extend in a direction away from thefirst contact region at an angle θ₁, wherein θ₁ may be a positive angle.In yet still another related embodiment, the second convex segment mayextend upward from the first non-convex segment in a direction away fromthe horizontal axis at an angle θ₂, wherein θ₂ may be between 0 and 45degrees, inclusive. In still another related embodiment, the conductorpad may include a third convex segment and a second non-convex segmentdisposed between the second convex segment and the third convex segment.In a further related embodiment, the second convex segment may define anoutermost edge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from thehorizontal axis, the third convex segment may have a third convexsegment outermost edge at a distance H₃ from the horizontal axis, andwherein the distance H₂ may be greater than the distance H₃. In anotherfurther related embodiment, the conductor pad may include a fourthconvex segment and a third non-convex segment disposed between the thirdconvex segment and the fourth convex segment. In a further relatedembodiment, the second convex segment may define an outermost edge ofthe perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from the horizontal axis, the fourthconvex segment may have a fourth convex segment outermost edge at adistance H₄ from the horizontal axis, and wherein the distance H₂ may begreater than the distance H₄. In another further related embodiment, thefourth convex segment may extend downward toward the second contactregion at an angle θ₃, wherein θ₃ may be between 0 and 45 degrees,inclusive.

In yet still another related embodiment, the first contact region andthe second contact region may be formed integrally with the bodyportion.

In another embodiment, there is provided a flexible circuit. Theflexible circuit includes: a flexible substrate; a plurality ofconductor pads disposed on the flexible substrate, each of the pluralityof conductor pads including: a first contact region; a second contactregion; and a body portion configured to establish a conductive pathbetween the first contact region and the second contact region, the bodyportion comprising conductive material having a perimeter edge, theperimeter edge including: a first convex segment; a second convexsegment; and a first non-convex segment disposed between the firstconvex segment and the second convex segment; and a plurality ofelectronic packages, each of the plurality of electronic packages beingcoupled to the first contact region of one of the conductor pads and thesecond contact region of an adjacent one of the contact pads.

In a related embodiment, the first non-convex segment of at least one ofthe conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads may be a concavesegment. In another related embodiment, the first contact region and thesecond contact region of at least one of the conductor pads in theplurality of conductor pads may be intersected by a horizontal axis ofthat conductor pad. In still another related embodiment, the firstcontact region and the second contact region of at least one of theconductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads may be verticallyspaced from each other relative to a horizontal axis of that conductorpad. In yet another related embodiment, the first convex segment of atleast one of the conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads mayhave a first convex segment outermost edge at a distance H₁ from thehorizontal axis, the second convex segment of that conductor pad maydefine an outermost edge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from thehorizontal axis, and the distance H₂ may be greater than the distanceH₁.

In still yet another related embodiment, the first contact region andthe first convex segment of at least one of the conductor pads in theplurality of conductor pads may be at a proximal end of that conductorpad and the first convex segment may extend in a direction away from thefirst contact region at an angle θ₁, wherein θ₁ may be a positive angle.In yet still another related embodiment, the second convex segment of atleast one of the conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads mayextend upward from the first non-convex segment in a direction away fromthe horizontal axis at an angle θ₂, wherein θ₂ may be between 0 and 45degrees, inclusive. In still yet another related embodiment, at leastone of the conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads may includea third convex segment and a second non-convex segment disposed betweenthe second convex segment and the third convex segment. In a furtherrelated embodiment, the second convex segment may define an outermostedge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from the horizontal axis,the third convex segment may have a third convex segment outermost edgeat a distance H₃ from the horizontal axis, and the distance H₂ may begreater than the distance H₃. In another further related embodiment, atleast one of the conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads mayinclude a fourth convex segment and a third non-convex segment disposedbetween the third convex segment and the fourth convex segment. In afurther related embodiment, the second convex segment may define anoutermost edge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from thehorizontal axis, the fourth convex segment may have a fourth convexsegment outermost edge at a distance a distance H₄ from the horizontalaxis, and the distance H₂ may be greater than the distance H₄. Inanother further related embodiment, the fourth convex segment may extenddownward toward the second contact region at an angle θ₃, wherein θ₃ maybe between 0 and 45 degrees, inclusive.

In another embodiment, there is provided a method of constructing aflexible circuit to facilitate roll-to-roll manufacturing of theflexible circuit. The method includes: providing a plurality ofconductor pads on a flexible substrate, each of the conductor padsincluding: a first contact region; a second contact region; and a bodyportion configured to establish a conductive path between the firstcontact region and the second contact region, the body portioncomprising conductive material having a perimeter edge, the perimeteredge including: a first convex segment; a second convex segment; and afirst non-convex segment disposed between the first convex segment andthe second convex segment; and coupling a plurality of electronicpackages to plurality of conductor pads, each of the plurality ofelectronic packages being coupled to the first contact region of one ofthe conductor pads and the second contact region of an adjacent one ofthe contact pads.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages disclosedherein will be apparent from the following description of particularembodiments disclosed herein, as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings in which like reference characters refer to the same partsthroughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily toscale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principlesdisclosed herein.

FIG. 1 is diagrammatically illustrates one example of a flexible circuitaccording to embodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 is a top view of one example of a conductor pad according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 3 is a top view of another example of a conductor pad according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 4 is a top view of another example of a conductor pad according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is a top view of another example of a conductor pad according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 6 is a top view of another example of a conductor pad according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 7 is top view of an arrangement of conductor pads according toembodiments disclosed herein.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible light engine includingone or more conductor pads according to embodiments disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used throughout, the term solid state light source(s) refers to oneor more light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs), polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs), and any other solidstate light emitter, including light-emitting electrochemical cells andother materials, and/or combinations thereof, whether connected inseries, parallel, and/or combinations thereof.

Turning now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a top view of an exemplaryembodiment of a flexible circuit 100 incorporating a plurality ofconductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n. Each of the conductorpads in the plurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-nincludes a body portion 110, a first contact region 125, and a secondcontact region 130. The body portion 110 establishes a conductive pathbetween the first contact region 125 and the second contact region 130,in each conductor pad. The flexible circuit 100 includes a substrate 105and a plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1). Anelectronic package in the plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2. . . 120-(n-1) may, and in some embodiments does, include one or moresolid state light sources and/or other electronic components, and iselectrically coupled between the first contact region 125 and the secondcontact region 130 of adjacent ones of conductor pads in the pluralityof conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n. The conductor pads102-1, 102-n at the ends of the substrate 105 may be, and in someembodiments are, coupled to an electrical power source 135. Electricalpower supplied to the plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . .. 120-(n-1) by the electrical power source 135 may, and in someembodiments does, cause light to emanate from one or more solid statelight sources within the plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 .. . 120-(n-1).

The substrate 105 may be, and in some embodiments is, formed from anymaterial or combination of materials suitable for use as a flexiblesubstrate for an electronic device. In some embodiments, the substrate105 is in the form of a flexible sheet, a woven and/or non-wovenmaterial, a flexible composite, combinations thereof, and the like. Theflexible substrate 105 may be, for example, and in some embodiments is,formed from any suitably flexible material, such as but not limited to apolymer, a polymer composite, a polymer fiber composite, a metal, alaminate, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitablepolymer materials that may be used to form such sheets include shapeablepolymers such as polyetheylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyamides, polyethylene napthalate(PEN), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), combinations thereof, and thelike.

The body portion 110 of a conductor pad in the plurality of conductorpads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n may be, and in some embodiments is,formed of any conductive material with conductivity that is sufficientfor electrical applications. A conductor pad in the plurality ofconductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n is electricallycontinuous between its first contact region 125 and its second contactregion 130 and may be, and in some embodiments is, formed in acontinuous unitary shape, or in a shape having discontinuities such asopenings therein. For example, the plurality of conductor pads 102-1,102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n may be, and in some embodiments are, formed ofa metal such as but not limited to copper, silver, gold, aluminum, orthe like, including combinations thereof, which may be printed,deposited, and/or plated on a surface of the flexible substrate 105 soas to correspond to a desired pattern. In some embodiments, for example,one or more of the plurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . .102-n may be formed on the flexible substrate 105 using a knowndevelop-etch-strip (DES) process.

The first contact region 125 and the second contact region 130 of aconductor pad in the plurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . .. 102-n are formed of an electrically conductive material, and may be,and in some embodiments are, formed integrally with the body portion 110of that conductor pad, or may be, and in some embodiments are,separately formed and electrically coupled to the body portion 110 ofthat conductor pad. The first contact region 125 and the second contactregion 130 may be formed in any shape or dimension configured forelectrically coupling with one or more electronic packages in theplurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1). Whencoupled to one or more electronic packages in the plurality ofelectronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1), the first contactregion 125 of a conductor pad in the plurality of conductor pads 102-1,102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n may be connected as a cathode and the secondcontact region 130 of that conductor pad may connected as an anode.Alternatively, the first contact region 125 of a conductor pad in theplurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n may beconnected as an anode and the second contact region 130 of thatconductor pad may be connected as a cathode.

The plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1) may beelectrically coupled to the first contact region 125 and the secondcontact region 130 of adjacent ones of the conductor pads in theplurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n using anysuitable means for establishing and/or maintaining an electricalconnection between the plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . .. 120-(n-1) and the first contact region 125 and the second contactregion 130 of adjacent conductor pads in the plurality of conductor pads102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n. For example, in some embodiments, theplurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1) areelectrically coupled to the first contact region 125 and the secondcontact region 130 of adjacent conductor pads in the plurality ofconductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n via an adhesive, wirebonding, die bonding, soldering, combinations thereof, and the like (allnot shown).

Advantageously, the shape of the plurality of conductor pads 102-1,102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n facilitates rolling of the plurality ofconductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n and the flexible circuit100 on which the plurality of conductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . .102-n in a roll direction indicated by an arrow 140. Rolling of theflexible circuit 100 may, and in some embodiments does, occur duringroll-to-roll manufacturing of the flexible circuit 100 and/or during useof the flexible circuit 100. The shape of the plurality of conductorpads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n also facilitates spreading of heatfrom the plurality of electronic packages 120-1, 120-2 . . . 120-(n-1)during operation of the flexible circuit 100.

For ease of explanation, the embodiment 100 illustrated in FIG. 1includes a single series-connected string of conductor pads 102-1,102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n coupled to an elongate flexible substrate 105.It is to be understood, however, that the flexible substrate 105 may be,and in some embodiments is, provided in a variety of shapes and sizesand any number of series and/or parallel connected strings of conductorpads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n may be, and in some embodimentsare, provided on the flexible substrate 105. Also, the plurality ofconductor pads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n shown in FIG. 1 have aspecific configuration. It is to be understood, that conductor pads102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n according to embodiments disclosedherein, may be and are provided in a variety of configurations, asdescribed below, and a flexible circuit 100 according to embodiments maybe and are formed with any conductor pad configuration consistent withthe present disclosure or combinations of different conductor padsconsistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a conductor pad 102 a, which includes a proximal end202, a distal end 204, and a horizontal axis 206. A perimeter edge 208of the conductor pad 102 a has an outermost side edge 210 thatintersects a line 212 parallel to the horizontal axis 206. A loweroutermost side edge 214 of the conductor pad 102 a intersects a line 216parallel to the horizontal axis 206. A proximal outermost end edge 218of the perimeter edge 208 intersects a line 220 perpendicular to thehorizontal axis 206, and a distal outermost end edge 222 of theperimeter edge 208 intersects a line 224 perpendicular to the horizontalaxis 206. The distance between the outermost side edge 210 and the loweroutermost side edge 214 defines a width W of the conductor pad 102 a,and the distance between the proximal outermost end edge 218 and thedistal outermost end edge 222 defines a length L of the conductor pad102 a. In FIG. 2, the length L is greater than the width W. It is to beunderstood, however, that a conductor pad consistent with the presentdisclosure, e.g. the conductor pad 102 a, may and in some embodimentsdoes have a length L less than its width W, or may and in someembodiments does have a length L equal to its width W.

A first contact region 125 of the conductor pad 102 a is provided at theproximal end 202 and a second contact region 130 of the conductor pad102 a is provided at the distal end 204. The first contact region 125and the second contact region 130 are intersected by the horizontal axis206. In FIG. 2, the first contact region 125 and the second contactregion 130 form a portion of the perimeter edge 208 at the proximal end202 and the distal end 204, respectively, and the body portion 110 formsthe remainder of the perimeter edge 208. It is to be understood,however, that the first contact region 125 and/or the second contactregion 130 may be and in some embodiments are spaced inwardly from theperimeter edge 208, and the perimeter edge may be and in someembodiments is formed entirely by the body portion 110.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, the perimeter edge 208 has a firstconvex segment A, a second convex segment B, a third convex segment C,and a fourth convex segment D. The convex segments A, B, C, and D of theperimeter edge 208 are separated from each other by one or morenon-convex segments NC-1, NC-2, NC-3 of the perimeter edge 208, so thatone or more non-convex segments NC-1, NC-2, NC-3 are disposed betweenany two of the convex segments A, B, C, and D. In the conductor pad 102a, the perimeter edge 208 is symmetrical about the horizontal axis 206so that the convex segments A, B, C, and D and the non-convex segmentsNC-1, NC-2, NC-3 have corresponding convex segments A¹, B¹, C¹, and D¹,and non-convex segments NC¹-1, NC¹-2, NC¹-3 on an opposite side of thehorizontal axis 206.

For ease of explanation, the conductor pad 102 a, and other embodimentsof conductor pads consistent with the present disclosure, will bedescribed in connection with the convex segments A, B, C, and/or D ofthe perimeter edge 208 on one side of the horizontal axis 206, e.g. thetop side of the conductor pad 102 a. It is to be understood, however,that conductor pads consistent with the present disclosure may and insome embodiments do have the same number and configuration of convexsegments A¹, B¹, C¹ and/or D¹, or a different number and configurationof convex segments A¹, B¹, C¹ and/or D¹, formed in the perimeter edge208 on the opposite side of the horizontal axis 206. Conductor padsconsistent with the present disclosure may be and in some embodimentsare symmetrical or asymmetrical about the horizontal axis.

As used throughout, the term “convex segment” when used in reference theperimeter edge 208 of a conductor pad refers to a segment of theperimeter edge 208 of the conductor pad that is convex on-average withrespect to the conductor pad. The convex segment need not have acontinuous arc and may, and in some embodiments does, have one or moreundulations, discontinuities, and/or neutral portions as long as theconvex segment of the perimeter edge 208 is convex on-average. As usedthroughout, the term “concave segment” when used in reference to theperimeter edge 208 of a conductor pad refers to a segment of theperimeter edge 208 of the conductor pad that is concave on-average withrespect to the conductor pad. The concave segment of the perimeter edge208 need not have a continuous arc and may, and in some embodimentsdoes, have one or more undulations, discontinuities, and/or neutralportions as long as the concave segment of the perimeter edge 208 isconcave on-average with respect to the conductor pad. As usedthroughout, the term “neutral segment” when used in reference to theperimeter edge 208 of a conductor pad refers to a segment of theperimeter edge 208 that is not convex on-average with respect to theconductor pad or concave on-average with respect to the conductor pad.As used throughout, the term “non-convex segment” when used in referenceto the perimeter edge 208 of a conductor pad refers to a segment of theperimeter edge 208 of the conductor pad that is not a convex segment. Inembodiments shown throughout, the non-convex segments are illustrated asconcave segments. However, a non-convex segment may be, and in someembodiments is, a neutral segment or a concave segment.

In the embodiment 102 a illustrated in FIG. 2, the first convex segmentA is positioned at the proximal end 202 and extends outward in adirection away from the first contact region 125 at an angle θ₁, thenturns upward toward the outermost side edge 210 to define the proximaloutermost end edge 218, and then turns inward in the direction of thedistal end 204 to define a first convex segment upper outermost edge230. The first convex segment upper outermost edge 230 intersects a line232 parallel to the horizontal axis 206 at a distance H₁ from thehorizontal axis 206. The angle θ₁ is measured from a line 234perpendicular to the horizontal axis 206 and, in some embodiments, is apositive angle. The outwardly direct shape of the first convex segmentA, i.e. outwardly with respect to the first contact region 125, allowsthe first convex segment A to provide a region of thermal spreading forspreading heat generated by an electronic package, e.g. package 120-1,120-2 . . . or 120-(n-1) (FIG. 1) coupled to the first contact region125 and a second contact region 130 of an adjacent conductor pad, e.g.conductor pad 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n (FIG. 1).

The first non-convex segment NC-1 is disposed between the first convexsegment A and the second convex segment B. The first non-convex segmentNC-1 extends inward in the direction of the distal end 204 and thenupward toward the second convex segment B.

The second convex segment B extends upward from the first non-convexsegment NC-1 in a direction away from the horizontal axis 206 at anangle θ₂, then turns in the direction of the distal end 204 to definethe outermost side edge 210, and then extends downward away from theoutermost side edge 210 toward the horizontal axis 206. The outermostside edge 210, which is defined by the second convex segment B in FIG.2, intersects the line 212 at a distance H₂ from the horizontal axis206. The angle θ₂ is measured from a line 236 perpendicular to thehorizontal axis 206 and, in some embodiments, is a positive anglebetween zero and/or substantially zero and forty-five and/orsubstantially forty-five degrees, inclusive. The outwardly directedshape of the second convex segment B, i.e. outwardly with respect to thehorizontal axis 206, provides an increasing width of the conductor pad102 a that facilitates thermal spreading and rolling of the conductorpad 102 a, e.g. when the conductor pad 102 a is coupled to a flexiblesubstrate 105 (FIG. 1).

The second non-convex segment NC-2 is disposed between the second convexsegment B and the third convex segment C. The second non-convex segmentNC-2 extends downward from the second convex segment B in the directionof the horizontal axis 206 and then upward away from the horizontal axis206 and toward the third convex segment C.

The third convex segment C extends upward from the second non-convexsegment NC-2, away from the horizontal axis 206, then turns in thedirection of the distal end 204 to define a third convex segment upperoutermost edge 238 and then extends downward away from the third convexsegment upper most edge 238 toward the horizontal axis 206. The thirdconvex segment upper outermost edge 238 intersects a line 240 parallelto the horizontal axis 206 at a distance H₃ from the horizontal axis206.

The third non-convex segment NC-3 is disposed between the third convexsegment C and the fourth convex segment D. The third non-convex segmentNC-3 extends downward from the third convex segment C in the directionof the horizontal axis 206 and then upwardly away from the horizontalaxis 206 and toward the fourth convex segment D.

The fourth convex segment D extends upward from the third non-convexsegment NC-3, away from the horizontal axis 206, then turns in thedirection of the distal end 204 to define a fourth convex segment upperoutermost edge 242, and then extends downward away from the fourthconvex segment upper outermost edge 242 at an angle θ₃ toward thehorizontal axis 206 to intersect the second contact region 130. Thefourth convex segment upper outermost edge 242 intersects a line 246parallel to the horizontal axis 206 at a distance H₄ from the horizontalaxis. The angle θ₃ is measured from a line 244 perpendicular to thehorizontal axis 206 and, in some embodiments, is a positive anglebetween zero and/or substantially zero and forty-five and/orsubstantially forty-five degrees, inclusive. The downwardly directedshape of the fourth convex segment D, i.e. downwardly toward the secondcontact region 130, allows positioning of the fourth convex segment Dadjacent a first convex segment A of an adjacent conductor pad with thefirst convex segment A of the adjacent conductor pad partiallyencompassing an electronic package, e.g. package 120-1, 120-2 . . . or120-(n-1) (FIG. 1), coupled between a first contact region 125 and asecond contact region 130 of adjacent conductor pads, e.g. conductorpads 102-1, 102-2, 102-3 . . . 102-n (FIG. 1). This facilitates thermalspreading and rolling of the conductor pads, e.g. when the conductorpads are coupled to a flexible substrate 105 (FIG. 1).

In the illustrated conductor pad 102 a of FIG. 2, H₂>H₁, H₂>H₃>H₄, andH₁ is substantially equal to H₃. Also, the non-convex segments NC-1,NC-2 and NC-3 are configured as concave segments. This configurationfacilitates rolling of the conductor pad 102 a in a roll direction fromthe proximal end 202 toward the distal end 204 as indicated by the arrow248. It is to be understood, however, that a conductor pad consistentwith the present disclosure may be provided in a variety ofconfigurations. In the illustrated conductor pad 102 a, for example, H₂may be greater than or equal to H₁ and H₃, and H₃ may be greater than orequal to H₄. The relative size of H₁ to H₃ may depend on the desireddistance between the first contact region 125 and the second contactregion 130 and the desired thermal spreading provided by the firstconvex segment A. Thus, H₁ may be greater or equal to H₃, or H₃ may begreater than or equal to H₁.

A conductor pad consistent with the present disclosure generallyfacilitates rolling from a wide end of the conductor pad, e.g. theproximal end 202 of the conductor pad 102 a, to a narrow end of theconductor pad, e.g. the distal end 204 of the conductor pad 102 a. Tofacilitate thermal spreading, the contact region 125 or 130 generatingthe most heat may be, and in some embodiments is, positioned at the wideend of the conductor pad. For the conductor pad 102 a, for example, thecontact region 125 may and in some embodiments does generate more heatthan the contact region 130 and is positioned at the proximal end 202 ofthe conductor pad 120 a to facilitate thermal spreading.

A conductor pad consistent with the present disclosure includes at leasttwo (e.g. as shown in FIG. 5) convex segments, e.g. A, B, C, or D, withat least one non-convex segment, e.g. NC-1, NC-2, or NC-3, disposedbetween the convex segments on each side of the horizontal axis 206, butmay be, and in some embodiments is, provided with any number of convexsegments. The number of convex segments chosen for a conductor padconsistent with the present disclosure may vary depending upon thedesired distance between first contact region 125 and the second contactregion 130 on the conductor pad and the desired rolled diameter of aflexible circuit 105 (FIG. 1) on which the conductor pad is formed. Moreconvex segments separated by non-convex segments in a conductor padconsistent with the present disclosure may facilitate a longer distancebetween the first contact region 125 and the second contact region 130of the conductor pad and may allow for rolling to a tighter diameter.

FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 illustrate additional embodiments, 102 b, 102 c, 102d, and 102 e, respectively, of conductor pads consistent with thepresent disclosure. For ease of explanation, the conductor pads 102 b,102 c, 102 d, and 102 e will be described using the notation used indescribing conductor pad 102 a illustrated in FIG. 2. In particular, an“A segment” will refer to a convex segment at the proximal end 202 ofthe conductor pad 102 b, 102 c, 102 d, or 102 e and having thecharacteristics of the first convex segment A in FIG. 2. A “B segment”will refer to a convex segment immediately adjacent an “A segment” witha non-convex segment between the A segment and B segment. The B segmenthas the characteristics of the second convex segment B in FIG. 2. A “Dsegment” will refer to a convex segment at the distal end 204 of theconductor pad 102 b, 102 c, 102 d, or 102 e, and having thecharacteristics of the fourth convex segment D in FIG. 2. A “C segment”will refer to a convex segment between a B segment and a D segment. A Csegment has the characteristics of the third convex segment C in FIG. 2.Any embodiment of a conductor pad consistent with the present disclosuremay include multiple C segments.

The conductor pad 102 b illustrated in FIG. 3 includes an A segment, A,a B segment, B, two C segments, C₁ and C₂, and a D segment. The first Csegment C₁ has an upper outermost edge 302 that intersects a line 304parallel to the horizontal axis 206 at a distance H₃₋₁ from thehorizontal axis 206. The second C segment C₂ has an upper outermost edge306 that intersects a line 308 parallel to the horizontal axis 206 at adistance H₃₋₂ from the horizontal axis 206. In the illustrated conductorpad 102 b, H₂>H₁, H₂>H₃₋₁, H₃₋₂>H₄, and H₁ is substantially equal toH₃₋₁.

A first non-convex segment NC-1 is disposed between the A segment, A,and the B segment, B. A second non-convex segment NC-2 is disposedbetween the B segment, B, and the first C segment, C₁. A thirdnon-convex segment NC-3 is disposed between the first C segment, C₁, andthe second C segment, C₂. A fourth non-convex segment NC-4 is disposedbetween the second C segment, C₂, and the D segment, D.

The conductor pad 102 c illustrated in FIG. 4 includes an A segment, A,a B segment, B, and a D segment, D, i.e. the conductor pad 102 c of FIG.4 does not include a C segment. A first non-convex segment NC-1 isdisposed between the A segment, A, and the B segment, B. A secondnon-convex segment NC-2 is disposed between the B segment, B, and the Dsegment. In the illustrated conductor pad 102 c, H₂>H₁>H₄.

The conductor pad 102 d illustrated in FIG. 5 includes only two convexsegments, i.e. an A segment, A, and a B segment, B, i.e. the embodimentof FIG. 5 does not include a C segment or a D segment. A firstnon-convex segment NC-1 is disposed between the A segment, A, and the Bsegment, B. In the illustrated conductor pad 102 d, H₂>H₁.

The conductor pad 102 e illustrated in FIG. 6 is an example of aconductor pad consistent with the present disclosure that isasymmetrical about its horizontal axis 206. The illustrated embodiment102 e includes three convex segments, i.e. an A segment, A, a B segment,B, and a D segment D on a first side of the horizontal axis 206, i.e.the top side in FIG. 6, and three convex segments, i.e. an A segment,A¹, a B segment, B¹, and a D segment D¹ on a second side of thehorizontal axis 206. A first non-convex segment NC-1 is disposed betweenthe A segment, A, and the B segment, B, and a second non-convex segmentNC-2 is disposed between the B segment, B, and the D segment, D. A firstnon-convex segment NC¹-1 is disposed between the A segment, A¹, and theB segment, B¹, and a second non-convex segment NC¹-2 is disposed betweenthe B segment, B¹, and the D segment, D¹. In the illustrated conductorpad 102 e, H₂>H₁>H₃.

The conductor pad 102 e includes a first contact region 125-1 and asecond contact region 130-1. The first contact region 125-1 and thesecond contact region 130-1 are vertically spaced from each otherrelative to the horizontal axis 206 by a distance d₁ and do notintersect the horizontal axis 206. With this configuration, electronicpackages may be, and in some embodiments are, coupled to verticallyspaced contact regions of adjacent conductor pads. As shown in FIG. 6,for example, an electronic package 120-1 may be coupled between thecontact region 130-1 on the conductor pad 102 e and a contact region125-2 of an adjacent conductor pad (not shown).

FIG. 7 shows an arrangement 1000 of conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2,1010-3, and 1010-4 on a flexible substrate 1020. Though the arrangement1000 of FIG. 7 includes four conductor pads, embodiments are not solimited, but rather four pads are shown for ease of illustration only,and not limitation. The arrangement 1000 shows the four conductor pads1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4 in a successive row. The conductorpads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4 have a generally quadrilateralshape in a plane including the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3,and 1010-4, with two opposing corners of each pad cut off and theremaining opposing corners slightly bumped out in the direction of eachadjacent pad. A central axis 1030 is shown as running through the centerof the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4, and each padhas a small protrusion extending from the pad on each side of the padtouched by the central axis 1030, with, in some embodiments, the smallprotrusion centered on the central axis 1030. In some embodiments, thesmall protrusion serves as a contact region.

Though the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4 are notsimilarly shaped to the conductor pads shown and described in regards toFIGS. 1-6, the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4function similarly in that they enable rolling of the flexible substrate1020 in the direction of the central axis 1030. The conductor pads1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4 enable rolling without weakeningcontact between an electrical device (such as one of the electricalpackages 120 shown in FIG. 1) and one or more of the conductor pads1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4, and while maintaining good thermaldissipation. The opposing protruding corners and the opposing cut offcorners of each of the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4reduce stress when the flexible substrate 1020 is rolled in thedirection of the central axis 1030.

In embodiments where one or more of the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2,1010-3, and 1010-4 provide electrical contact for one or more solidstate light sources, one further consequence of the shape of theconductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4, particularly whenspread in an array (not shown in FIG. 7), is that the covering materialplaced on top of the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4may rise and fall in some locations and/or overall, creating small peaksand/or valleys in the covering material. Such peaks and/or valleys may,and in some embodiments do, help will overall light distribution fromthe one or more solid state light sources, by providing an angledreflectance for light emitting near and/or substantially near and/orsubstantially along the outer surface of the covering material. In someembodiments, this is due to the potentially varying thickness of one ormore of the conductor pads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4, and insome embodiments, this occurs without any variation and/or withoutsubstantially any variation in the thickness of the conductor pads1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4. Though the shape of the conductorpads 1010-1, 1010-2, 1010-3, and 1010-4 of FIG. 7 are somewhat differentfrom those of the conductor pads shown in FIGS. 1-6, the same principleapplies to any of the conductor pads shown in FIGS. 1-6 when covered bysome type of covering material, such as but not limited to one or morelayers of a laminated polymer, such as but not limited to PET. Thiseffect is illustrated in the cross sectional view of a flexible lightengine 1100 shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, the flexible light engine 1100includes a flexible substrate 1120 comprising one or more conductor pads102, a coverlay layer 1130, and at least two solid state light sources1110A and 1110B. The thickness of the conductor pads 102 pushes thecoverlay layer 1130 up in some areas, creating peaks, and the absence ofthe conductor pads 102 in other areas results in the coverlay layer 1130lying flatter in such areas, creating valleys.

As used in any embodiment herein, a “circuit” or “circuitry” maycomprise, for example, singly or in any combination, hardwiredcircuitry, programmable circuitry, state machine circuitry, and/orfirmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry.

Unless otherwise stated, use of the word “substantially” may beconstrued to include a precise relationship, condition, arrangement,orientation, and/or other characteristic, and deviations thereof asunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art, to the extent that suchdeviations do not materially affect the disclosed methods and systems.

Throughout the entirety of the present disclosure, use of the articles“a” and/or “an” and/or “the” to modify a noun may be understood to beused for convenience and to include one, or more than one, of themodified noun, unless otherwise specifically stated. The terms“comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive andmean that there may be additional elements other than the listedelements.

Elements, components, modules, and/or parts thereof that are describedand/or otherwise portrayed through the figures to communicate with, beassociated with, and/or be based on, something else, may be understoodto so communicate, be associated with, and or be based on in a directand/or indirect manner, unless otherwise stipulated herein.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” below,” upper,” “lower,”“above” and the like may be used herein for ease of description todescribe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the drawings. These spatially relativeterms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device inuse or operation in addition to the orientation shown in the drawings.For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, elementsdescribed as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would thenbe oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplaryterm “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Thedevice may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at otherorientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used hereininterpreted accordingly.

Although the methods and systems have been described relative to aspecific embodiment thereof, they are not so limited. Obviously manymodifications and variations may become apparent in light of the aboveteachings. Many additional changes in the details, materials, andarrangement of parts, herein described and illustrated, may be made bythose skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A conductor pad comprising: a first contactregion; a second contact region; and a body portion configured toestablish a conductive path between the first contact region and thesecond contact region, wherein the first contact region and the secondcontact region are intersected by a horizontal axis of the conductorpad, or are vertically spaced from each other relative to the horizontalaxis, the body portion comprising conductive material having a perimeteredge, the perimeter edge comprising on each side of the horizontal axis:a first convex segment; a second convex segment; and a first non-convexsegment disposed between the first convex segment and the second convexsegment.
 2. The conductor pad of claim 1, wherein the first non-convexsegment is a concave segment.
 3. The conductor pad of claim 1, whereinthe first convex segment has a first convex segment outermost edge at adistance H₁ from the horizontal axis, and wherein the second convexsegment defines an outermost edge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂from the horizontal axis, wherein the distance H₂ is greater than thedistance H₁.
 4. The conductor pad of claim 1, wherein the first contactregion and the first convex segment are at a proximal end of theconductor pad and the first convex segment extends in a direction awayfrom the first contact region at an angle θ₁, wherein θ₁ is a positiveangle.
 5. The conductor pad of claim 1, wherein the second convexsegment extends upward from the first non-convex segment in a directionaway from the horizontal axis at an angle θ₂, wherein θ₂ is between 0and 45 degrees, inclusive.
 6. The conductor pad of claim 1, comprising athird convex segment and a second non-convex segment disposed betweenthe second convex segment and the third convex segment.
 7. The conductorpad of claim 6, wherein the second convex segment defines an outermostedge of the perimeter edge at a distance H₂ from the horizontal axis,wherein the third convex segment has a third convex segment outermostedge at a distance H₃ from the horizontal axis, and wherein the distanceH₂ is greater than the distance H₃.
 8. The conductor pad of claim 1,wherein the first contact region and the second contact region areformed integrally with the body portion.